Acetyl- L-Tyrosine occurs naturally in the body. This amino acid plays a pivotal role in assisting the body in developing chemicals such as dopamine. Without this, the body can have adverse effects culminating in a sense of sadness, depression, anxiety and an inability to concentrate. Most over the counter supplements that are intended to help boost the body’s naturally occurring processes also include sorbitol, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, modified cellulose gum and colloidal silicon dioxide. This supplement is ideal for vegetarian and vegan users as it contains no animal products. There may be adverse interactions with MAO inhibitor drugs and this should not be used if pregnant or nursing.

Bioperine, a standardized extract from the fruit of Piper nigrum L (black pepper) or Piper longum L (long pepper). It contains 95 percent of piperine. Bioperine is used in conjunction with other herbs or vitamins to increase their absorption and digestion to make them more effective.

Caffeine is extracted from coffee and tea during the process of decaffeination. Caffeine Anhydrous can be produced from dimethyl urea and malonic acid. It stimulates the central nervous system, enhancing the focus, concentration, and alertness, and warding off drowsiness. It is a mild diuretic and can also increase the metabolism. It increases the energy level and reduces fatigue. Aside from increasing mental alertness, it also helps in maximizing weight loss training. It stimulates the metabolism that helps the body to burn fat faster and uses the fat as energy. It also provides physical energy and delays the onset of fatigue.

Cayenne peppers are rich in vitamin A and C, calcium and other nutrients. They cure fever, colds and sore throats. They improve the digestive process. They protect the heart by strengthening arteries and regulating blood flow thus preventing heart attacks. External use reduces discomfort and swelling due to frostbite and joint pains by increasing blood flow to the area. Cayenne oil reduces toothaches effectively. Cayenne powder keeps hands and feet warm by improving blood circulation, when sprinkled into gloves or shoes. It is also known to reduce itching. A water-cayenne mixture helps to stop external bleeding. It reduces internal bleeding by even distribution of blood in the body. It also increases vigor and stamina. You must consult a physician before using cayenne for medicinal purposes.

Chromium Polynicotinate is a nutritional supplement designed primarily as nutritional support for certain conditions that are typical for sufferers from diabetes mellitus type 2 or age related diabetes. Recent studies have revealed that supplemented chromium can reduce high blood glucose levels, lowering or eliminating nonenzymatic glycation. Further studies reveal that supplementing chromium polynicotinate can help with depression symptoms as well as reduce systolic blood pressure elevation caused by sucrose. People with chromium deficiencies have trouble maintaining stable blood sugar levels. Chromium polynicotinate can assist in regulating the levels of blood sugar, but it also helps with the control of cholesterol, promote the fat removal process and encourage buildup of lean muscles. For these characteristics it is a popular supplement for body building and any muscle building sports enthusiasts.

CLA is the abbreviation for Conjugated linoleic acids. It belongs to the linoleic acid group. These acids are mainly found in dairy products and meat. Conjugated linoleic acids have been said to have antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. Research has been conducted on mice and rats to see whether these acids can help hinder the growth of tumors in mammary, colon and skin tissues. Studies are also being conducted on whether conjugated linoleic acids can help reduce abdominal fat. Although, some researchers are of the opinion that supplements containing CLA may have certain side effects. It is believed that these supplements when taken by over weight people might tend to increase the insulin resistance, thus resulting in high chances of developing diabetes. This is said to be one of the major side effects of CLA.

Cocoa Seed Extract, which is standardized for caffeine, tyramine, phenylethylamine and theobromine. Cocoa seed extract is thought to possibly help speed up the metabolism and provide feelings of fullness.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid or CLA is a non-essential fatty acid that may be found in cow and sheep meat, and dairy products. It is known to decrease body fat in obese and overweight people. It works by inhibiting the action of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) enzyme that is responsible for the transfer of fat from the blood stream to the fats cells. It has powerful anti-carcinogenic properties that fight free radical cells from damaging the cells. It also helps control blood sugar levels. It encourages muscle growth and improves the metabolism which accelerates weight loss. It reduces the risk of heart diseases. It is also an antioxidant.

Dandelion is a group of flowering plants which are found in Europe, Asia and North America. Two of the dandelion variants are worldwide spread weeds and can be seen flowering almost throughout the year. Seeds of the dandelion plant are produced without pollination, creating offspring with identical genetic material. Luteolin, a flavonoid, is a powerful antioxidant, is a secondary metabolite of dandelion and is believed to possess strong properties as an anti-inflammation agent, modulator of the immune system and promoter of the carbohydrate related metabolism. Furthermore it is thought to have significant anti-carcinogenic properties. Dandelion has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for liver detox, but in recent times there is evidence that dandelion may also be able to normalize sugar levels in blood.

DMAE (Dimethylaminoethanol) is a supplement which acts as anti-oxidising agents. They are mostly consumed in order to increase the functioning of brain and also to keep up the health of skin. DMAE greatly works in some advantageous process such as enhancing the ability of learning, mood and mainly to increase the memory power. They keep the skin healthier by stabilising the membranes of lysosomes that you find in human skin and also repairs those skin cells which are damaged. It resists the impact of the ages which damages the healthier skin by blocking the activity of lipofucsin. There are of course some side effects caused by these supplements as well and hence it must be consumed with the advice of some physicians.

Folic Acid- We know Folic acid by various names - Folate, Folacin, Pteroylglutamic acid, or just Vitamin B9. No matter what we call it, Folic acid is basically a B vitamin that helps the body to create healthy new cells. Folic acid is thus necessary for each one of us though pregnant women require it all the more. A woman who has a sufficient intake of folic acid both before and during pregnancy can protect the baby from major birth defects of the brain or spine. The best part about this vitamin is that it is readily available in fruits, dried beans, nuts, peas, cereals, grain products, and leafy green vegetables. It is however important to consume this vitamin regularly through proper diet. This is because folic acid being water soluble, it easily dissolves in water and the leftover vitamin is passed out through the urine.

Garcinia Cambogia is helpful for weight loss as it suppresses accumulation of body fats. It promotes fat oxidation, increases serotonin release and its availability in brain, normalizes lipid profiles and reduces serum leptin levels in overweight people. Garcinia cambogia extract improves mucosal defensive mechanisms in the stomach and, so, is a good protective agent against gastric ulcers. It reduces both the volume and acidity of gastric juice. It acts as an appetite suppressant and also enhances metabolism. Garcinia cambogia can be helpful for people who attempt to have a low carb diet. It helps improve energy levels and strengthen the immune system. Garcinia cambogia extract can increase mucosal defense means in stomach, thus helping with gastric ulcers. It can decrease stomach acidity, and increase defensive properties on gastric juices.

Ginger Root has been used as herbal medicine in India, Asia, and Arab countries for a long time. People in China have been using this knotted, thick, underground stem or rhizome of the plant Zingiber officinale to improve digestion for over two thousand years. Ginger was also found effective in the treatment of health conditions such as heart problems, arthritis, colic, and diarrhea. Ginger is also a popular cooking spice in different cuisines. The magic herb can also help a great deal in pregnancy, motion sickness, and cancer chemotherapy since it aids in preventing or treating nausea and vomiting associated with it. Many women consume ginger to reduce the pain during menstrual periods. Ginger is also used to reduce inflammation and combat inflammation-related problems such as arthritis and ulcerative colitis. You may buy fresh ginger root or go for other variations like ginger extracts, capsules, and oils.

Grape Skin Extract is extracted from the skin of grapes. Grape skin extracts, particularly red grape skin extracts, are becoming popular in medicine and nutritional supplements because some recent researches have indicated that polyphenolic extracts of red grape skin can prevent and inhibit angiogenesis, and decreases the basal motility of endothelial and cancerous cells because it has inhibitory effects on the vascular endothelial growth factor and the enzyme sphingosine- 1 - phosphate, thus preventing diseases related to angiogenesis deregulation. These diseases frequently include cancers and malignant brain tumors.

Grapefruit Extract- A lot can be made from a grapefruit. The grapefruit extract is made from the pulp, white membranes and seed of the grapefruit. It is also known as the citrus seed extract. Grapefruit is one of those rare fruits whose all parts are of some use or the other. The fruit itself gives a tangy juice. Aromatherapy oils can be made with peels. The peels are also used as a source of dietary fiber. Grapefruit is said to be the most alkalizing of all fruits. To alkalize the body is one of the best ways to regenerate health. Alkaline environment is a hostile environment for diseases to live in. It also helps in stimulating the human immune system. It helps in preserving the intestinal bacteria along with its integrity in return making life sustainable.

Green Tea Extract, a bioflavonoid rich, potent extract used primarily for fighting free radicals. It contains a high content of polyphenols, which are a class of bioflavonoids. Green tea extract contains a potent antioxidant, EGCG, which is over 200 times more powerful than vitamin E in neutralizing the pro-oxidants and free radicals that attack lipids in the brain. Green tea extract helps with thermogenesis and aids in the metabolism of fat. Green Tea has been used for years as a powerful antioxidant, it may also be helpful in shedding fat. The most obvious benefit to dieters is that it works without increasing the heart rate most often found in diet aids. The increased heart rate leaves dieters jittery and eventually, most dieters stop using the supplement and gain weight back. Now through using green tea extract, dieters get the weight loss benefits without any of the jittery effects, especially in obese individuals with hypertension and other cardiovascular complications.

Guarana- The active constituent of guarana is caffeine, which means that it should not be used alongside ephedrine as either a dietary aid or in order to stimulate performance. The American Food and Drug Administration has not tested its effectiveness or its purity as they do not class it as a drug. Guarana has many other names including Brazilian cocoa and may be a constituent of non alcoholic drinks imported from South America. Because of possible adverse reactions it is not recommended for anyone with a heart condition or who has kidney disease, high blood pressure or who suffers from anxiety.

Kola Nut is native to Africa, mainly found in the tropical rain forests. There are about hundred and twenty tree species which belong to this family, their fruit, the kola nut, being the interesting feature. It has been traditionally used for chewing, with an effect where hunger cravings subsided. The popularity of the kola nut was established by The Coca-Cola Company, which used the kola nut as an ingredient in this popular drink. Many other similar drinks and also energy drinks feature this ingredient. The kola nut, although featuring caffeine, provides a xanthine mixture with catechins which not only stimulate the central nervous system but also has analeptic and lipolytic properties, as well as chronotropic effects. Further effects include enhanced alertness, physical energy, mood and tactile sensitivity, as well as appetite suppression.

L-Carnitine , a naturally occurring non-essential amino acid which boosts its own production when combined with Vitamin C. L-carnitine transports fatty acids like triglycerides into the mitochondria and converts it into energy. Its antioxidant properties are believed to affect the heart muscles positively. L-cartinine deficiency is a rare case. However, fatigue, muscle-cramps and pre-mature aging are some of its deficiency signs. L-carnitine is highly found in dairy products and red meat. In foods like legumes, nuts, grains, fresh fruits, vegetables and cereals although the level of L-caritine is not high, it promotes production. L-carnitine is not known to cause any toxic effect, but an overdose of carnitine i.e. 1000mg daily can cause diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting. Research prove that adding L-carnitine to our daily diet increases metabolism promotes weight loss and maintains a healthy level of blood glucose.

L-Tyrosine is a proteinogenic polar amino acid, deemed not essential because it can be synthesized by the human body. As a member of the amino acid group that is being used by cells to build proteins, this building block derived its name from the Greek word tyros, which means cheese, because it was discovered in the cheese protein casein. L-Tyrosine can be synthesized from phenylalanine and can be found in foods high on protein, like soy products, poultry, cheese, bananas, dairy products and several seeds, including the sesame seeds. The unique phenol functionality and the occurrence in proteins that belong to the signal transduction process, make this amino acid different. Tyrosine can be converted by tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme into levodopa, a psychoactive drug that is used, among other uses, for clinical treatment of Parkinson’s disease. It is also involved in the synthesis of dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine.

Magnesium Stearate is coommonly used as a filling agent in the manufacture of capsules and tablets, such as vitamins, the source of this ingredient is typically bovine. However, there is an increasing number of vegetarian options in which the product specifically indicates it contains magnesium stearate from vegetable sources.

Opumtia Ficus-indica is a species of cactus which has been domesnticated for a long time. It is a very important agricultural plant in economies throughout the arid and semiarid parts of the world. Opuntia ficus-indica is also known by other names. They are Indian fig opuntia or barbary fig. The main reason behind growing the opuntia ficus-indica is its fruits. The vegetable nopales are also used for various purposes. In the culinary world, it is often referred to as the prickly pear. The large, sweet fruits called tuna are the most commercially valuable use of the species of opuntia ficus-indica. Sicily, Spain, Mexico, Ethiopia, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Israel, Chile, Algeria, Morocco, Italy are some of the countries that cultivate the opuntia ficus-indica in significant quantity.

Pantothenic Acid also known as B5 is a natural, inexpensive and safe form of curing acne. It is free from all negative side effects. It is best suited for people with oily skin as it stops the overproduction of oil within our body. It converts the carbohydrates and fats into energy effectively when synthesized with other Vitamin B. Additionally it also helps your body produce red blood cells and metabolizes fats. It plays a significant role in reducing physical and mental stress because it works along with the stress hormone producing adrenal gland. Pantothenic acid is present in all kinds of food and therefore our body gets sufficient amount of it. As it is impossible for our body to become deficient in pantothenic acid, there is no recommended daily amount of it. Eggs, whole grains and milk contain panthothenic acid in large numbers.

Silica is silicon dioxide, a trace mineral found in bones, teeth, skin, eyes, glands and organs. It also helps keep skin elastic. Silica works with calcium to maintain bone strength.

Stearic Acid is a saturated fatty acid that occurs in many animal and vegetable fats and oils. Stearic acid is useful as an ingredient in making candles, soaps, plastics, oil pastels and cosmetics, and for softening rubber. Stearic acid is used to harden soaps, particularly those made with vegetable oil. Even though stearic acid is a saturated fat, studies have suggested that it has little effect on blood cholesterol levels, because such a high proportion is converted to oleic acid.

Vanadyl Sulfate, while nutritionally not deemed necessary, is a very common component of food supplements and body building products. This inorganic compound is believed to mimic to some extent the effects of insulin, which, among other things, controls the uptake of glucose and apparently vanadyl sulfate would thereby promote better energy delivery to the muscles. While most of the vanadyl sulfate currently being sold in nutritional supplements and drugs is won by extracting vanadium from petroleum residues, some providers profess other sources, such as eggs, radishes, oats, buckwheat and vegetable oil. While possible deployment of vanadyl sulfate as a treatment method for diabetes is still being researched, the body building community has embraced this supplement as an energy increasing, muscle toning aid towards a better workout.

Vitamin A- Otherwise known as retinol is the vitamin which helps the eyes to adjust to changes in light levels as well as keeping the eyes, skin and mucous membranes moist. Vitamin A enters the human diet mostly from animal foods, but as well as this some plant foods contain beta-carotene, which the body is then able to convert into Vitamin A. Retinol has antioxidant properties that help the body to repair tissue and cellular damage by neutralizing free radicals. Although there seems to be some evidence that retinol may help in cases of established artery disease the American Heart Association does not recommend it as a necessary supplement until there is more evidence.

Vitamin B12 is one of the eight B vitamins and is a water soluble vitamin. It is also called cobalamin. It has a very complex chemical structure which is evident from its molecular formula C63H88CoN14O14P. The word vitamin is from the Greek word vitae which mean life. This is indicative of the importance of these chemicals for the body. In fact, this vitamin serves many functions which are vital to life. These include production of blood, normal functioning of the brain and the nervous system, DNA and fatty acid synthesis and regulation and the metabolism of all cells in general. This vitamin can only be synthesized by bacteria.

Vitamin B6 allows the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, as well as lipids to take place, also aids in keeping skin vibrant.

Vitamin C, also known as Ascorbic Acid, is water soluble vitamin. It is water soluble that leaves the body through urine. It plays an important role in the growth and repair of tissues in the body. It also important in the formation of collagen, a protein used by the body to make ligaments, blood vessel, scar tissue, and skin. It helps prevent osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Vitamin C is an antioxidant that fights and prevents free radicals from damaging the cells that may result in premature aging, heart problems and cancer. Vitamin C also shortens the duration of colds and promotes quick recovery because it boosts the immune system. It also helps control blood pressure.

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin and is an antioxidant. Vitamin E helps to gradually break down blood clots in the circulatory system and helps prevent more from forming. Involved in red blood cell formation.

White Kidney Bean Extract- The extract of white kidney bean is a key ingredient which is seen in many of the carb blockers. This is considered to be the oldest food that is known to people who are spread world wide, but first are known to the Portuguese and Spanish, as they were the explorers. The reason as to why the white kidney beans functions effective regarding losing weight is due to a compound known as Phaseolus Vulgaris which is contained in the white kidney beans. This stops alpha – amylase enzyme from breaking - down in the digestive system from carbohydrates to sugars. When the carbohydrates are not broken in to sugars then this cannot be absorbed easily in the bloodstream and can’t be stocked up as fats.

White Willow Bark possesses salicin that offers identical effect as aspirin and exhibits no side effects. This is the basis for aspirin synthesis. Chinese healers used it to control pain and the Native Americans also understood the value of it to get relief from headaches as well rheumatism. This also reduces fevers. The advantage of white willow bark is that it also helps in reducing weight and aids the diet goals. It is an anti-inflammatory and is analgesic, anti-rheumatic, fever reducer and gives relief from inflammatory pains such as rheumatism, carpal tunnel syndrome and arthritis. White willow bark is found in Asia and Europe. Taking one or two capsules at mealtimes is recommended. However, this dosage should not be exceeded. This does not exhibit significant side effects, but the tannins present in the white willow extract may result in stomach upset and may trouble if a person is allergic to aspirin.

Yerba Matte Pronounced, YARE-ba MAH-tay, yerba mate is a shrub that belongs to the holly family. A Key Element in Lean Stack Yerba mate contains the following vitamins, minerals and additional compounds: Vitamin A to Vitamin C Vitamin E Vitamin B1 Vitamin B2 Vitamin Niacin Vitamin B5 Vitamin B complex Minerals: Calcium Iron Manganese Magnesium Potassium Phosphorus Selenium Additional Compunds: Flavonols Polyphenols Antioxidants Pantothenic Acid and more The leaves of yerba mate have been found to offer strength while the stems inspire energy.