Phosphate (Phosphorus) is a chemical element that is found in the periodic table with the atomic number fifteen. As a high reactive element, it is not found in clean form as a free element in nature. It is one of the most important and essential elements in the human body, being found in phospholipids that form all the membranes of cells, the DNA, the RNA and also the ATP. Cellular energy is being transported by phosphate in form of adenosine triphosphate, calcium phosphate, which are salts, are responsible for the stiffness of bones. In the average human, the amount of phosphorus in weight would be about one kilogram, whereby most of it is in form of apatite and found in teeth and bones. The daily consumption of phosphorus through dietary means is estimated at about one to three grams.

Potassium- Potassium is one of the essential minerals required for proper physiological functioning of the body. It plays an important role in the regulation of heart muscles. It helps to convert glucose to glycogen. Glycogen is essential for muscle formation. Potassium also helps to propagate nerve impulses by exchanging ion within cells and also helps in muscle contractions. It helps in balancing blood pressure. It controls the proper functioning of kidney. An average adult needs 3-5 gm of potassium daily. Due to deficiency of potassium, body observes tiredness. Other deficiency symptoms are weakness of muscles, low blood pressure, vomiting, poor kidney functions and Heart arrhythmias. Severe potassium shortages quickly direct to electrolyte disproportion which involves malfunctioning of nerves, kidney and heart.

Sodium is the element that has the atomic number 11 in the periodic table and is commonly known as the main component in the table salt, together with chloride. Interestingly enough, it is probably the one dietary component which does require limitation rather than supplementation, since that average daily nutritional requirement is around half a gram per day. This most popular food seasoning, salt, is providing the most common source of sodium and chloride in human diets, but is generally overused and may cause health problems, such as high blood pressure, if consumed overly generously. The suggested dose of table salt, or rather the upper limit portion, would be somewhat less than 6 gram per day, according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, referenced by FDA. In the UK this limit is set at four grams per day.