Acetyl- L-Tyrosine occurs naturally in the body. This amino acid plays a pivotal role in assisting the body in developing chemicals such as dopamine. Without this, the body can have adverse effects culminating in a sense of sadness, depression, anxiety and an inability to concentrate. Most over the counter supplements that are intended to help boost the body’s naturally occurring processes also include sorbitol, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, modified cellulose gum and colloidal silicon dioxide. This supplement is ideal for vegetarian and vegan users as it contains no animal products. There may be adverse interactions with MAO inhibitor drugs and this should not be used if pregnant or nursing.

Caffeine, is a naturally produced medicine from the seeds and leaves of many plants. It is also produced unnaturally to add to certain foods. Caffeine is termed as a medicine because it arouses the central nervous system, causing enhanced alertness. Caffeine gives most people a short-term energy boost and bump up mood. Caffeine is present in tea, many soft drinks, coffee, chocolate, and pain relievers and other over-the-counter medicines. Caffeine tastes very bitter in its natural form. However, most caffeinated drinks undergo processing to cover-up the bitter taste. You may feel caffeine’s effects for up to 6 hours though it is not stored in the body.

Cayenne Fruit Extract is an extremely powerful antioxidant that aides in enhancing breathing, enhancing energy, as well as helping to fight infectious ailments.

Chromium is a natural trace mineral in human nutrition and is needed for proper metabolism of sugar in humans. It is vital for metabolism of fats and carbohydrates. It helps move blood sugar from the bloodstream into cells to be utilized as energy and turn fats, carbohydrates, and proteins into energy. Chromium helps stimulate fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, which are needed for brain function and other body processes. It activates numerous enzymes that are required to drive many chemical reactions essential to life. Chromium supplements also improve glucose tolerance in people with Turner's syndrome, a disease associated with glucose intolerance. It is also vital for insulin metabolism. It regulates hunger and decreases cravings.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid or CLA is a non-essential fatty acid that may be found in cow and sheep meat, and dairy products. It is known to decrease body fat in obese and overweight people. It works by inhibiting the action of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) enzyme that is responsible for the transfer of fat from the blood stream to the fats cells. It has powerful anti-carcinogenic properties that fight free radical cells from damaging the cells. It also helps control blood sugar levels. It encourages muscle growth and improves the metabolism which accelerates weight loss. It reduces the risk of heart diseases. It is also an antioxidant.

DL-Phenylalanine works with body’s natural ability to ease pain. It assists in increasing the lifespan of brain chemicals that relieves pain. It is particularly effective in reducing pain caused by arthritis and aching muscles. DL-phenylalanine can treat persistent pain by stimulating nerve pathways in the brain responsible for controlling pain. Its effect increases if used with prescribed pain killers. DL-Phenylalanine, which is a combination of essential amino acid L-phenylalanine and D-phenylalanine, blocks an enzyme in the nervous system that enhances pain signals. This disturbance of pain signals causes the body’s healing mechanisms to start working faster. Use of DL-phenylalanine is also reported to have helped people in improving their mood and in treating depression. This is because a higher proportion of production of brain chemicals dopamine and norepinephrine, if went out of balance, cause depression, stress and frustration. Increasing the levels of these chemicals has an anti-depressant impact in the body.

DL-Phenylalanine is a a-amino acid. The biological functions of D-amino acids remain unclear although some, such as DL-phenylalanine shows some pharmacological activity. It is sold as a nutritional supplement because of its analgesic and antidepressant activities. This analgesic activity can be explained by the possible blockage by D-phenylalanine of enkephalin and degradation by the enzyme carboxypeptidase A , and the mechanism of antidepressant activity may be accounted for by the precursor role of L-phenylalanine in the synthesis of the neurotransmitters, norepinephrine and dopamine. High levels of norepinephrine and dopamine are believed to have an anti-depressant effect.

DMAE- Deanol, which is actually the product name of dimethylaminoethanol, or DMAE, has been marketed under the Deanol brand name, usually in the supplement form Deanol Bitartrate. This organic compound is apparently connected to choline and is deemed a precursor to acetylcholine, which is a neurotransmitter in peripheral, central, autonomic and somatic nervous systems. The conclusion is that DMAE is methylated to create choline in the brain and that the liver processes it into choline is widely accepted. Limited studies conducted on human test subjects have shown that Deanol Bitartrate may boost alertness and vigilance, while improving the overall emotional state. DMAE topical applications seem to reduce the signs of aging, supplementing DMAE athletes reported shorter recovery and boosted performance. As an acetylcholine precursor, DMAE is also active in muscle contractions.

Folic Acid- We know Folic acid by various names - Folate, Folacin, Pteroylglutamic acid, or just Vitamin B9. No matter what we call it, Folic acid is basically a B vitamin that helps the body to create healthy new cells. Folic acid is thus necessary for each one of us though pregnant women require it all the more. A woman who has a sufficient intake of folic acid both before and during pregnancy can protect the baby from major birth defects of the brain or spine. The best part about this vitamin is that it is readily available in fruits, dried beans, nuts, peas, cereals, grain products, and leafy green vegetables. It is however important to consume this vitamin regularly through proper diet. This is because folic acid being water soluble, it easily dissolves in water and the leftover vitamin is passed out through the urine.

Garcinia Cambogia- Gambooge, a subtropical version of the Garcinia genus and native to Indonesia, is the local name for garcinia cambogia. It bears a pumpkin like yellow coloured fruit, which extract, together with the rind, is in India a curry condiment. Extracts are also being used in several herbal appetite suppressants, but also in some energy providing products and supplements. In the body building community, besides the weight loss properties of garcinia cambogia, the main component, hydroxycitric acid, or HCA, seems to increase the levels of lipolysis in athletes. HCA may even prove to be more effective in combined use with carnitine and pyruvate. In India, garcinia cambogia was traditionally used to treat edema, constipation, irregular menstruation and against intestinal parasites. Further uses include combating rheumatism and bowel related troubles.

Ginger Root is a dietary supplement that is not only used as a spice but has had a positive effect on some types of arthritis and raynauds disease.

Grape seed is the seeds of the ordinary grapes. They are used primarily because they have polyphenols recognized as anti oxidants. Research confirms numerous health benefits of grape seed extracts; they limit lipid oxidation, thus controlling high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels. Grape seeds contain phenolics, which are useful in treatment of heart disease because they inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce inflammation, however, the results are preliminary and more research is being done to confirm these facts. A polyphenol contained in grape seeds is resveratrol which may inhibit cancer cell growth and proliferation, and it may also be active against HIV by inhibiting expression and replication of the genome of the virus.

Grapefruit Extract- A lot can be made from a grapefruit. The grapefruit extract is made from the pulp, white membranes and seed of the grapefruit. It is also known as the citrus seed extract. Grapefruit is one of those rare fruits whose all parts are of some use or the other. The fruit itself gives a tangy juice. Aromatherapy oils can be made with peels. The peels are also used as a source of dietary fiber. Grapefruit is said to be the most alkalizing of all fruits. To alkalize the body is one of the best ways to regenerate health. Alkaline environment is a hostile environment for diseases to live in. It also helps in stimulating the human immune system. It helps in preserving the intestinal bacteria along with its integrity in return making life sustainable.

Green Tea Extract- Camellia sinensis, or more commonly the tea plant is a genus of flowering plants which is generally being used to produce tea, including green tea, oolong, black tea, white tea and pu-erh tea, also called Bolay tea. The different oxidation process makes the final difference. Tea plants can grow out into a tree, but are generally pruned to allow for easy hand picking. While camellia sinensis is being cultivated all around the globe in tropical and subtropical regions, this South and Southeast Asian native is most popular when imported from India and China. Medical uses of tea stem from the traditional Chinese medicine, where it was used as a bronchodilator and to treat angina pectoris, coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular diseases. Green tea extract is used as appetite suppressant and thermogenesis increasing agent.

Guarana is a South American climbing plant belonging to the genus of trees and shrubs called Maple. This plant is common around the Amazon and very present in Brazil. The fruit of the guarana plant is being used in that country to produce a diversity of soft drinks and beverages, having the double caffeine content of the coffee bean. Other nutrients that are contained in the seed besides caffeine are protein, fat and starch, but also adenine, choline, guanine, resin, tannin and xanthine, just to name a few. The cognitive effects of guarana are well documented, but the appetite suppressant qualities of guarana are relatively new. A study has proven that a combination of yerba mate, guarana and damiana leads to a tenfold weight loss quantity when compared with a placebo.

Kola Nut is native to Africa, mainly found in the tropical rain forests. There are about hundred and twenty tree species which belong to this family, their fruit, the kola nut, being the interesting feature. It has been traditionally used for chewing, with an effect where hunger cravings subsided. The popularity of the kola nut was established by The Coca-Cola Company, which used the kola nut as an ingredient in this popular drink. Many other similar drinks and also energy drinks feature this ingredient. The kola nut, although featuring caffeine, provides a xanthine mixture with catechins which not only stimulate the central nervous system but also has analeptic and lipolytic properties, as well as chronotropic effects. Further effects include enhanced alertness, physical energy, mood and tactile sensitivity, as well as appetite suppression.

L-Carnitine is a naturally occurring nutrient in the body that helps the body turn fats into energy. It is primarily produced in the liver and kidneys, and is stored in the muscles of the heart, brain, skeleton, and sperm. L-Carnitine is commonly used in supplements used by body builders. It helps increase and boosts the process of burning of fat in the body that gives energy, promotes a healthy cardiovascular system, proper circulation of blood and a healthy liver. It also helps suppress and reduce the appetite. It also helps those with chronic fatigue syndrome, increasing the focus, energy level, and reduces exhaustion.

L-Tyrosine is a common amino acid and a para-isomer of tyrosine. It is deemed organic because of the carbon atom present and it is nonessential to survival, but works as a building block of protein. It is also viewed as a precursor of dopamine, which has several effects, like offsetting fatigue, mental and physical, as well as increasing the impression of well being. When the amino acid phenylalanine is broken down, L-Tyrosine can be won completely naturally. Besides being a precursor of the aforementioned neurotransmitter dopamine, L-Tyrosine is also deemed a precursor to some adrenal hormones, namely epinephrine and norepinephrine. In body building circles this supplement is popular to offset fatigue after a hard training or competition, but also to raise mental alertness while working out.

Longum L. (complete scientific name Piper longum L) is a flowering plant in the family Piperaceae. Its fruit is dried and used as a spice. The fruit contains many different alkaloids which are important. In ayurvedic medicine it has special importance and is considered good for digestion and assimilation of food. One of the important alkaloids that it contains is piperine. Piperine has the ability to inhibit many enzymes which break down drugs. This means that it increases the bioavailability of drugs by preventing their breakdown. However, for the same reason, it should be used with caution if one is taking some special medication. The extracts of the plant also have an effect on pigmentation of the skin.

Metabromine-G is often found in weight loss supplements. It may be extracted from cacao and guarana. It is high in theobromine with very few calories. It works like the caffeine. It stimulates the metabolic system that helps burn fats faster. It is also thermogenic which aids the body burn fats even when sleeping. It a mild diuretic that gets rid of excess water in the body and prevents water retention. This helps in weight building and development of leaner muscle mass. Metabromine-G suppresses the appetite that makes it effective in losing weight. It is also able to stimulate the brain that improves concentration, focus and alertness.

Opumtia Ficus-indica is a species of cactus which has been domesnticated for a long time. It is a very important agricultural plant in economies throughout the arid and semiarid parts of the world. Opuntia ficus-indica is also known by other names. They are Indian fig opuntia or barbary fig. The main reason behind growing the opuntia ficus-indica is its fruits. The vegetable nopales are also used for various purposes. In the culinary world, it is often referred to as the prickly pear. The large, sweet fruits called tuna are the most commercially valuable use of the species of opuntia ficus-indica. Sicily, Spain, Mexico, Ethiopia, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Israel, Chile, Algeria, Morocco, Italy are some of the countries that cultivate the opuntia ficus-indica in significant quantity.

Pantothenic Acid is actually a part of the Vitamin B complex, namely Vitamin B5 and is deemed an essential nutrient. It has a critical function in the synthesis and metabolism of core nutrients, such as fats, proteins and carbohydrates, and it forms the coenzyme – A, also called CoA, most notable for the role in oxidation and synthesis of fatty acids and pyruvate. The Greek origin of the name Pantothenic Acid already states that this Vitamin is found nearly everywhere, with prominent amounts in eggs, meat, legumes and whole grain cereals. In health and fitness circles the dietary supplement is very popular for its energy producing role, but also for the ATP process and for the maintenance of cholesterol and triglycerides levels in the body.

Phaseolus Vulgaris, also known as White Kidney Bean Extract. Phaseolus vulgaris is believed to change the digestive process that converts starch to sugar, lowering the calories and carbohydrates absorbed from high carbohydrate foods (Technically, but the amount is very small).

Trigonella Foenum-Graecum- Among the spices, being used to boost color and flavor of the food, (Trigonella foenum-graecum) fenugreek is an important one. This seed spice is also used for therapeutic purpose in many conventional systems as gastric stimulant, antibacterial, anti diabetic agent against anorexia, and as a galactogogue. Trigonella foenum graecum seed powder has been strongly recommended to possess latent ant diabetic effects. The remedial role of Trigonella seed powder in diabetes of type1 as illustrated in many studies can be ascribed to the change of lipid metabolizing enzyme activities and glucose to normal values, thus soothing glucose homeostasis in the kidney and lever. These biochemical effects shown by Trigonella seeds make it a potential new curative in type1 diabetes.

Vanadyl Sulfate mimics the overall effects that insulin has on our bodies. It has also been declared to become an alternative treatment to battling diabetes.

Vitamin A is a vitamin is needed by the retina of our eye in the form of a specific metabolite, the light-absorbing molecule retinal. This molecule is absolutely necessary for both scotopic and color vision. It also palys an important role in mainating body health, such as skin health, bone metabolism and immune function. Vitamin A is also commercially produced and administered as esters such as retinyl acetate commonly called Vitamin A acetate. Its defeciency can cause blindness. Some other problems include impaired immunity, keratosis pilaris and squamous metaplasia of the epithelium lining the upper respiratory passages and urinary bladder to a keratinized epithelium.

Vitamin B12- Also called Riboflavin, B2 is a water absorbed vitamin of which the body must replenish its supplies each day as it cannot be stored. It is necessary for the production of red blood cells and, like the other B vitamins, it works at supporting it supports energy production by helping in the metabolism of various foods.B2 is required for healthy skin as well as hair growth, the nails and has a role in regulating the activity of the thyroid gland. It is also necessary in order that the body can process amino acids found in proteins and fats and to activate vitamin B6 and folic acid.

Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble member of the vitamin B complex. It exists in thre forms and often occurs in nature as a mixture of these three forms. Vitamin B6 is involved in protein, fat, and sugar metabolism.

Vitamin C is well known for its powerful ability to help boost the immune system as well as fight off damage causing free radicals. As an anti-oxidant, vitamin c binds with free radicals, preventing them from damaging cells. This damage can cause early aging and even has been linked to some cancers. By taking vitamin C supplements, you are helping prevent these free-radicals, as well as giving your immune system a boost as well. Vitamin C is integral to cellular metabolism as well and a lack of vitamin C can cause a myriad of issues, including scurvy.

Vitamin E is the name for a group of tocopherols and tocotrienols that are soluble in fat and display antioxidant properties. The most important vitamin out of this group is alpha tocopherol, which professes the highest bioavailability, and therefore, was the most studied Vitamin E. Found in such foods as nuts, seeds, milk, wheat germ and most vegetable oils, this Vitamin is said to be perhaps the most important antioxidant in human nourishment, although this trait is not deemed the imperative reason why Vitamin E is required to be in every diet. Most clinical studies which were supposed to crown Vitamin E as the prevention from prostate cancer or cardiovascular wonder supplement have been either inconclusive or were discontinued due to poor results. Vitamin E deficiency results in neurological and neuromuscular problems, but also in failure to absorb fat.

Yerba Matte- The plant of the yerba maté, as yerba matte is actually called, is a small tree or a shrub which can grow up to a size of fifteen meters. The leaves and twigs have traditionally been used to brew a tea like concoction, which is still a very popular social beverage in South America. Yerba maté contains alcaloids that are very similar to caffeine, commonly referred to as xanthines, but also elements like manganese, magnesium and potassium. The main difference between yerba maté and coffee, for instance, is the effect it has on muscle tissue, where it appears to relax smooth muscle tissue, but stimulate heart tissue and that is why it is used in ABB Lean Stack. In other studies, yerba maté was found to work as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, thereby professing antidepressant qualities.